Shravasti :- The Confluence of Buddha’s Penance and Ancient Jain Pilgrimage
Detailed History
Shravasti is an exceptionally sacred and historical district located in the north-eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. Situated on the banks of the Rapti River, this district was once the capital of the ‘Kosala Mahajanapada‘ in ancient India. Shravasti holds a unique place in the history of Buddhism; it is believed that Lord Buddha spent 24 monsoon retreats (Varshavas) here. This is the very place where Buddha transformed the heart of the cruel bandit Angulimala. It is also significant for Jainism as it is the birthplace of the third Tirthankara, Lord Sambhavnath. According to mythology, the city was established by King Shravast. Today, Shravasti is a major pilgrimage site for Buddhists and Jains from around the world.
Detailed Architecture
The architecture of Shravasti showcases a wonderful blend of ancient stupa remains and modern international monasteries.
- Exterior Architecture :– The ancient remains of ‘Sahet-Mahet‘ predominantly feature the use of bricks from the Kushan and Gupta periods. The monasteries built by different countries (Thailand, Japan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar) display their respective national architectures. While the Thai monastery features golden spires and slanting roofs, the Japanese monastery’s design reflects simplicity and peace.
- Interior Architecture :– Inside the monasteries are vast prayer halls housing golden idols of Buddha. The internal structure of ‘Gandha Kuti‘ is where Buddha himself resided, and marks of ancient carvings are still visible on its walls. The interiors of modern temples are very detailed and artistic, perfect for meditation and tranquility.
Nearby Attractions
- Jetavana Monastery :– The most sacred site in Shravasti, housing the ‘Anand Bodhi Tree‘ planted by Buddha and the remains of his residence, ‘Gandha Kuti’.
- Sahet-Mahet :– These are the archaeological remains of the ancient city of Shravasti. Sahet contains religious monuments while Mahet is part of the ancient fortified city.
- Angulimala Stupa :– Believed to be the site of Angulimala’s house, where a stupa was later built in his memory.
- International Monasteries :– The Thai temple, Japanese temple, Sri Lankan temple, and Myanmar Buddha Vihar are worth visiting.
- Sobhnath Temple :– A major center for Jainism, dedicated to Lord Sambhavnath.
Travel Guide & Routes
- Tickets and Timings :– Separate entry fees are prescribed for archaeological sites (ASI) for Indian and foreign tourists. Entry to monasteries is Free. Visiting hours are from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
- How to Reach :–
- By Rail :– The nearest major railway stations are Balrampur (20 km) and Gonda (50 km), well-connected to Lucknow and Delhi.
- By Road :– Shravasti is well-connected by road to Balrampur, Bahraich, and Lucknow. Regular buses are available from Lucknow (approx. 175 km).
- By Air :– The nearest airports are Ayodhya (AYO) and Lucknow (LKO). Shravasti’s own small airport is also being developed.
- Photography Spots :– The Anand Bodhi Tree, the grand entrance of the Thai temple, and the World Peace Bell.
- Local Taste :– The food is simple and traditional. ‘Sabzi-Poori’ and ‘Desi Sweets’ at local dhabas are highly liked.
- Famous Markets :– There are no major industrial markets, but small stalls outside monasteries sell Buddha statues, meditation beads, and spiritual books.
Interesting Facts
- Lord Buddha delivered the maximum number of his sermons in the city of Shravasti.
- The ‘Anand Bodhi Tree‘ here was planted from a branch of the original Bodhi tree in Gaya and is considered very sacred in the Buddhist world.
- Shravasti was considered a major trade center in ancient times due to its location on the banks of the Achiravati (Rapti) river.
Important Questions and Answer :-
- Question 1:- For which religions is Shravasti significant? Answer:- Shravasti is an extremely sacred pilgrimage site for both Buddhism and Jainism.
- Question 2:- Who established the Jetavana Monastery? Answer:- Jetavana Monastery was established by Buddha’s devotee Anathapindika by purchasing land from Prince Jeta.
- Question 3:- When is the best time to visit Shravasti? Answer:- The period from October to March is the best as the weather remains very pleasant.
- Question 4:- Are there Jain temples in Shravasti? Answer:- Yes, Shravasti is the birthplace of Lord Sambhavnath, and the Sobhnath temple is the main Jain center here.
- Question 5:- How far is Shravasti from Lucknow? Answer:- The distance by road is approximately 175 kilometers.
Author’s Perspective
In my view, Shravasti is a place where the mind’s turmoil settles down the moment you arrive. In the silence of Jetavana and its cool breeze, the echoes of Buddha’s compassionate teachings can still be felt. The international monasteries give us a glimpse of cultures from around the world in one place. If you wish to experience spiritual energy and the depth of history, this journey to Shravasti will be one of the most memorable experiences of your life.
“Shravasti is a sacred city fragrant with the peace of Buddha and the penance of Tirthankaras.”